If you are planning to buy some consumer electronic devices, you must be sure to know beforehand if this electrical appliances or electronic devices that you want to buy will be compatible with the voltage and plug shapes in your own country.
If your devices accept your country’s voltage, but have a different shape of plug, you will need a plug adapter.
If your devices do not use the same voltage in your own country, you will need a voltage converter.
You can check the Voltage, Frequency and Plugs types as follows OR in attached world voltage & plug specifications.pdf
Asia Pacific
Country Voltage Frequency (Hz) Plug Category Description
Australia 240V 50 C & D 3 flat blades (Australia AS3112): YP-35, YP-36
China 220V 50 D & J China plugs: YP-02, YP-02L, YP-03, YP-03L
Hong-Kong 220V 50 I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60
Indonesia 220V 50 E & G European plugs (CEE7): YP-21, YP-22, YP-23
India 230V 50 I & L 3 flat / round blades UK standards: YP-60, YP-80
Japan 100V 50, 60 A & B Japan JIS 8301 plugs
Korea 220V 50, 60 E & G Korea KCS 8305: YP-21K, YP-22K, YP-24K
Macau 220V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
Malaysia 230V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
New-Zealand 220V 50Hz C & D 3 flat blades (Australia AS3112): YP-35, YP-36
Philippines 220V 50Hz E European plug (CEE7/7): YP-21
Singapore 220V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
Thailand 220V 50Hz A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Vietnam 120/220V 50Hz A, B, E & G vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
European plugs (CEE7): YP-21, YP-22, YP-23
North America
Country Voltage Frequency (Hz) Plug Category Description
Canada 110V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
United States 120V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Central & South America
Country Voltage Frequency (Hz) Plug Category Description
Mexico 127V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Nicaragua 110V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
El Salvador 110V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Honduras 110V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Nicaragua 110V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Costa Rica 110-120V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Panama 120V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Dominican Rep. 110V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Columbia 115V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Venezuela 110V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Ecuador 110V 60 A & B vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Brazil 110V / 220V 60Hz / 50Hz E & G Brazilian standard NBR 14136: round pins
Peru 110V / 220V 60Hz / 50Hz A, B & E vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Bolivia 110V / 220V 60Hz / 50Hz A, B & E vertical flat blades without/with round ground pin
Paraguay 220V 50Hz E 2 round pins (CEE7):YP-21
Uruguay 220V 50Hz E 2 round pins (CEE7):YP-21
Argentina 220V 50Hz C & D 3 flat blades (IRAM): YP-37, YP-57
Chile 220V 50Hz E & N European plugs / Italy plug: YP-45
Europe
Country Voltage Frequency (Hz) Plug Category Description
Austria 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Belgium 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Czech Rep. 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Denmark 220V 50Hz O, E, F & G European plugs / Denmark plug: YP-26
Estonia 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Finland 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
France 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Germany 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Greece 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Hungary 220V 50Hz F & G European plugs:YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Ireland 220V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
Italy 220-230V 50Hz E & N European plugs / Italy plug: YP-45
Latvia 220-240V 50Hz E & G European plugs: YP-21, YP-22,YP-23
Luxembourg 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Netherlands 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Norway 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Poland 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Portugal 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Slovak Rep. 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Spain 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Sweden 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Switzerland 220-224V 50Hz M & E European plugs / Swiss plug:YP-46
Turkey 220V 50Hz E & F European plugs:YP-21, YP-24
Russia 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
United Kingdom 220-240V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
Ukraine 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Middle East
Country Voltage Frequency (Hz) Plug Category Description
Bahrain 220V 50Hz I & K 3 round pins UK standard: YP-81 & YP-80
Dubai 220V 50Hz G European plugs: YP-24
Iran 220V 50Hz E European plugs: YP-21
Israel 220-240V 50Hz P & E Israel plugs: YP-47, YP-48
Jordan 220V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
Kuwait 220-240V 50Hz E & I European plugs (CEE7) / UK plug (BS1363)
Lebanon 220V 50Hz E European plugs (CEE7/7):YP-21
Syria 220V 50Hz E, F & N European plugs / Italy plug: YP-45
Saudi Arabia 220V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
Turkey 220V 50Hz E & F European plugs:YP-21, YP-24
Africa
Country Voltage Frequency (Hz) Plug Category Description
Algeria 220V 50Hz E & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23
Burkina Faso 220V 50Hz E & F European plugs:YP-21, YP-24
Cameroon 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Chad 220-250V 50Hz F, G & L European plugs (CEE7) / UK plug (BS546)
Equatorial Guinea 220V 50Hz E & F European plugs:YP-21,YP-24
Gabon 220V 50Hz G European plugs:YP-24
Gambia 220V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
Ghana 220V 50Hz E, I & K European plugs (CEE7/7) / UK plug (BS546)
Malawi 240V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60
Mauritius 240V 50Hz E & I European plugs (CEE7) / UK plug (BS1363)
Morocco 220V 50Hz E & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23
Nigeria 230V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
Rep. South Africa 220V 50Hz K & L 3 round pins SABS standard: YP-81 & YP-80
Senegal 220V 50Hz E, F & G European plugs:YP-21, YP-22, YP-23, YP-24
Swaziland 220V 50Hz I 3 flat blades (UK BS1363):YP-60, YP-61
Gambia- Africa. I need to know what the date was when it existed. any help??? thanks??? and can u give me the website u got the answer from???
Thank u!!!!
If like me you’re one of those people who love going on holidays, but cannot abide the whole flying experience, then this feature will be your new best friend.
Location, hotel, weather, nightlife – these are all major factors that we consider when planning a holiday. Although often overlooked, your flights play a hugely important role in your whole holiday experience as well. A bad flight or a flight that’s too long can be the difference between a fantastic holiday and an ok holiday.
ExclusiveLondon.co.uk has complied a list of holiday destinations by flight duration to help you choose the perfect holiday. If you don’t like lengthy flights, you may think you are just limited to holidays in France or Germany, but there are many destinations featured below that may be closer than you think. Flight durations are based on flights leaving from London, UK.
1 to 2 hours
Austria (Tryol, Salzburg)
Belgium (Brussels)
Denmark (Copenhagen)
France, North to Mid (Paris, Lyon)
Germany (Frankfurt, Munich, Hamburg)
Ireland (Dublin)
Netherlands, The (Amsterdam)
Scotland (Edinburgh)
Spain, North (Bilbao)
Switzerland (Basel, Geneva, Zurich)
2 to 3 hours
Romania (Bucharest)
Hungary (Budapest)
Finland (Helsinki)
Balearic Islands (Ibiza, Majorca, Menorca)
Italy, North (Milan, Venice)
Latvia (Riga)
Lithuania (Vilnius)
Costa del Sol (Marbella)
Poland (Krakow, Warsaw)
Portugal (Lisbon)
Czech Republic (Prague)
Iceland (Reykjavik)
Netherlands, The (Rotterdam)
Bulgaria (Sofia)
Spain, Mid to West (Barcelona, Madrid)
Sweden (Stockholm)
Tunisia (Tunis)
Austria (Vienna)
3 to 4 hours
Bulgaria (Sofia)
Greece, North to West (Halkidiki, Preveza)
Greece, South (Kalamata, Athens)
Greek Islands, North to West (Corfu, Kefalonia, Skiathos, Zante)
Gibraltar (South of Spain)
Turkey (Istanbul, Anakra)
Madeira (Island South of Portugal)
Malta (Valletta, Birkirkara)
Morocco (Casablanca, Marrakech, Rabat)
France, South (Marseille, Montpellier, Nice)
Norway (Oslo)
Portugal (Porto Islands)
Italy, Mid to South (Rome, Naples, Sicily)
Russia (Moscow, St Petersburg)
Spain, South (Seville)
4 to 5 hours
Azores Islands, The (inc. 2 hour flight from Lisbon, Portugal)
Canary Islands (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, Tenerife)
Greek Islands, East to South (Mytilene, Cyprus, Mykonos, Kos, Santorini, Crete, Rhodes)
Egypt (Cairo, Luxor)
Jordan (Amman)
Syria (Damascus)
Turkey (Izmir, Bodrum)
5 to 6 hours
Israel (Eilat)
Africa, West (Nigeria)
6 to 7 hours
Africa, West (Gambia, Ghana, Senegal)
Saudi Arabia (Riyadh)
Oman (Muscat)
United Arab Emirates (Dubai)
7 to 8 hours
Antigua (St John’s)
Barbados (Bridgetown)
Bermuda (Hamilton)
USA, East (New York, Boston)
Canada, East (Montreal)
St Lucia (Castries)
Trinidad (Port of Spain)
8 to 9 hours
India, North (New Delhi)
India, West (Mumbai, Goa)
Pakistan (Karachi)
9 to 10 hours
Aruba (Oranjestad)
Bahamas (Nassau)
Bangladesh (Dhaka)
Botswana (Gaborone)
Cuba (Havana)
Dominican Republic (Santo Domingo)
Jamaica (Montego Bay)
Kenya (Nairobi)
St Kitts (Basseterre)
Tobago
Zimbabwe (Harare)
10 to 11 hours
Canada, South (Ottawa, Toronto)
USA, South East (Atlanta, Miami)
USA, West (California, San Francisco)
USA, North to West (Montana, Seattle)
USA, South (New Orleans)
Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo)
Argentina (Buenos Aires)
Cayman Islands (George Town)
Hong Kong
Grenada (St George’s)
Mexico (Mexico City)
Namibia (Windhoek)
Chile (Santiago)
South Africa (Cape Town)
Sri Lanka (Colombo)
Tanzania (Dodoma)
Zambia (Lusaka)
11 to 12 hours
Australia (Sydney)
Thailand (Bangkok)
Hawaii (Honolulu)
Japan (Tokyo)
Mauritius (Port Louis)
South Korea (Seoul)
Singapore
Venezuela (Caracas)
12+ hours
Fiji (Suva)
USA, West (Las Vegas)
Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur)
USA (Montana)
This article was written by Maryse Mignott, for ExclusiveLondon.co.uk. Balance your work and social life by taking part in the London entertainment scene. For the hottest London events, restaurants, clubs, fashion boutiques and much more, visit www.exclusivelondon.co.uk
The 8 participating teams this year include Mali, Cameroon, Ghana and Rwanda forming Group A and South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt and Cote d’Ivoire forming Group B.These players were selected after the Preliminary Round first leg matches held from 18 April to 20 April 2008, and the Second Round second legs matches from 2 May to 4 May 2008, followed by First Round first leg matches held from 27 June to 29 June 2008, First Round second leg matches held from 11 July to 13 July 2009, and the Second Round first leg matches held from 26 September to 28 September 2008 and Second Round second legs matches from 11 October to 13 October.
The top two sides from each pool will advance to the semifinals, which will choose these four nations to qualify for the Under-20 FIFA World Cup, which will take place in Egypt in September 2009. If hosts Egypt reach the top 4 teams, then the team on 5th place will qualify for the Under-20 World Cup as the Egyptians naturally qualify to be part of the World Cup.
So far, Nigeria is in the lead, with an aggregate store of 7 against Sudan, which has an aggregate score of 2. Nigeria is listed as No. 1 on the Continental Rank with 5 winnings in the African Youth Championship. Second in line is Ghana with a continental rank of 2 in Africa National U20 soccer teams, out of the 20 teams participating in Africa National U20 Football teams. Ghana has also won African Youth Championship 2 times before, in 1993 and 1999. Next are Gambia, Mali and Congo, with continental ranks of 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Egypt, Zambia and Cameroon follow them next. Cote d’Ivoire is also a strong contender with an aggregate score of 5 but this competition for the qualification for the World Youth Championship will surely be a tough one.
The African Youth Championship started way back in 1979 and included teams / players like Algeria, Guinea, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Egypt, Libya, Kenya, Morocco, Mauritius, Cameroon and Tunisia. The teams played to qualify for the FIFA Under-20 World Cup as well. 2007 African Youth Championship saw Congo as the final champion against Nigeria, beating them by 1-0. This year’s host (Rwanda) will have to fight like last years host (Congo) to win the title for themselves.
With less than a month to go for the African Youth Championship to be help in Rwanda, the excitement has already started building among thousands of soccer fans in Rwanda and worldwide.
Reporters sans frontiers are another source of information on the state of press freedom. The report of RSF that is conducted annually is in terms of content and topic covered very similar to the reports of the CPJ and IPI. The area covered, like in the previously mentioned sources are legislative framework in which media operate, legal restrictions in terms of access to information, restrictions on publishing of materials related to some “sensitive” topics, presence and broadness of anti defamation laws. They also record issues like governmental interference in the editorial and personnel policy of media and pressures from the government institutions like financial and judicial pressures, restrictions on broadcasting and publishing resources and other types of harassment that can be interpreted as pressures and obstruction of media. The report includes problems like arrests and detentions of journalists, trials of journalists for different reasons, attacks and harassment of journalists and finally the death of journalists.
The number of countries included in the report is 149, and they are divided into 5 regions. The report does not give any information on who provides information for each country, nor how reports are made. Pretty much all that has been said for CPJ and IPI can be also said for this source. The reports are descriptive and they focus only on identifying problems. The reports depend on the type of problem that is present in the different countries. There is no common pattern with regard to the level of details of information presented for different countries in the report. Some reports tend to contain quite significant level of detail in describing individual cases, while others do not. The reports do not have common structure and are not made according to any observable standards. They do not have indicators and do not compare countries, nor do they give rankings. The reports include chapters that deal with killings of journalists, attacks on journalists, arrest and detention of journalists and pressure and obstruction of their activity from the side of government.
However, the RSF report has five groups of countries regarding the level of press freedom. Countries are assigned to each category according to the perceived state of the press freedom, but criteria for assignment are not given.
The categories are:
1. Good situation;
2. Satisfactory situation;
3. Noticeable problems;
4. Difficult situation; and
5. Very serious situation.
Like IPI and CPJ, the RSF are good source of raw material, they have quite extensive descriptive reports, all three cover a large number of cases and between themselves they cover about 180 countries, and data from all three sources are available for around 140 countries. All reports are available on the Internet, for IPI from 1996 to 2001, for CPJ for 2000 and 2001 and for RSF for 2001. The countries grouped by region that were included into RSF report in 2001 were:
In the Americas: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela.
In Asia: Australia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Buthan, Cambodia, China, East Timor, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, New Zealand, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
In Europe: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UK, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia.
In the Middle East and North Africa: Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Palestinian Authority Qatar Saudi Arabia Sudan Syria Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen.
In Africa: Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Islands D. R. of Congo Rep. of Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Gabon Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Liberia Malawi Mali Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Swaziland Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe.
The data from all three sources are descriptive, and they only register the events, or to be more precise problems, that took place in the countries included. They do not have checklist of topic and they do not estimate the situation for particular area. The reports only register problems and therefore not all reports contain information about same topics. Because of that the creation of the measurement scale that could be more sensitive other then recording the present or absence of some event is not very likely to succeed. Therefore the similar approach that was used for AI, HRW and ICFTU could be used here.
The set of indicators for measuring the press freedom from the data from these three sources could include following indicators:
1. Death of journalists (while performing their work)
2. Arrests and detentions of journalists (including trials for different charges)
3. Attacks on journalists and harassment of journalists (all types of violence on journalists regardless of source and character)
4. Existence of legal limitation on press freedom (anti defamation laws, laws restricting access to information and restricting the publishing of certain information)
5. Censorship and banning of media
6. Pressures on media, interference in, and obstruction of media activities (financial pressures, restriction on publishing and broadcast resources, liability and damages charges, interference in editorial policy).
The measurement scale could, like for AI and HRW and for ICFTU, could have three points. 0 to indicate the absence of some types of restrictions. 0,5 to indicate the presence that was not widespread and was not the result of deliberate policy or deliberate failure to prevent such events. Score 1 to indicated widespread occurrence, systematic occurrence by government institutions and government unwillingness to prevent it.
The Committee to Protect Journalists is a non-profit organization established with the aim to protect the press freedom around the world. There is not much information available on who the members of organization are and whether it has regional affiliates apart from its central office in New York. The organization publishes annual reports that are dealing with the issues of media freedom mainly, and on margins with issues of media standards and professionalism. Like the International Press Institute reports, the reports of CPJ are not prepared according to standardized methodology, there is no topic list according to which reports are made, and the reports are not meant to compare countries with their past or with other countries. The reports are descriptive and concentrate mainly on the problems that are identified in the relevant country. A total of 141 countries are covered by the report. The criteria according to which these countries are included are not mentioned in the report, but from the list it is visible that most developed countries are not present. The report does not indicate the source of information on which the report is based, and as far as it can be seen from the report itself, both country and regional reports are compiled by teams that are dealing with one region only. The reports for 2000 and 2001 are available on the CPJ’s web site.
In terms of content, the reports are focusing on media freedom with reference to a large number of issues. They focus on the legal framework of media activities describe legal restrictions with which media are faced, especially in the area of anti defamation laws, laws that are limiting the publishing of information from certain areas, and laws that are limiting the access to information. They also provide information about governmental interference into the editorial policy of media and in selection of top editorial personnel. Report registers other types of pressures by governmental institutions as well. Other types of pressures include financial pressures and various legal actions directed to limiting the capacity of independent media to publish some types of information. The information on violence and harassment against journalists committed by governmental agencies are also reported, as well as the data about the detentions and trials of journalists. Other types of violence and harassment not committed by state institutions are also reported.
The reports give very precise data about censorship and banning of media and detentions and trials against journalist and some cases are presented with very detailed accounts. The structure of reports varies between countries depending on the type, frequency and magnitude of the problem, but there is no large difference in the level of details presented from case to case.
The CPJ web site has regular and frequents updates of records of events that are linked with the restriction of media freedom for countries included in report, these updates are about individual events from individual countries.
The countries included into report are grouped into five regional groups and the country report for each country in the groups are compiled by the same team.
The countries and regions are:
In the Americas: Antigua & Barbuda, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela.
In Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma (Myanmar), Brunei, Cambodia, China, East Timor, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.
In Europe and Central Asia: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, UK, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia.
In Middle East and North Africa: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Yemen.
In Africa: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, D. R. of Congo, Rep. of Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
The Unites States has embassies and consulates all over the world. Through these embassies and consulates, foreigners can apply for visas if they want to come to the country.
Africa: Africa Regional Services – Paris, Angola: Luanda, Benin: Cotonou, Botswana: Gaborone, Burkina Faso: Ouagadougou, Burundi: Bujumbura, Cameroon: Yaounde, Cape Verde: Praia, Chad: Ndjamena, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kinshasa, C”te D’Ivoire: Abidjan, Republic of Djibouti: Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea: Malabo Eritrea: Asmara, Ethiopia: Addis Ababa, Gabon: Libreville, The Gambia: Banjul, Ghana: Accra, Guinea: Conakry, Kenya: Nairobi, Lesotho: Maseru, Liberia: Monrovia, Madagascar: Antananarivo, Malawi: Lilongwe, Mali: Bamako, Mauritania: Nouakchott, Mauritius: Port Louis, Mozambique: Maputo, Namibia: Windhoek, Niger: Niamey, Nigeria: Abuja, Rwanda: Kigali, Senegal: Dakar, Sierra Leone: Freetown, South Africa: Pretoria, Sudan: Khartoum, Swaziland: Mbabane, Tanzania: Dar es Salaam, Togo: Lome, Uganda: Kampala, Zambia: Lusaka, Zimbabwe: Harare.
The Americas: Argentina: Buenos Aires, VPP Patagonia; Bahamas: Nassau, Barbados: Bridgetown, Belize: Belize City, Bermuda: Hamilton, Bolivia: La Paz, Brazil: Brasilia, Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Sao Paulo, Brazil: VPP Belo Horizonte, VPP Fortaleza, VPP Porto Allegre, VPP Salvador de Bahia; Canada: Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, VPP Northwest Terroritories, VPP Nunavut, VPP Yukon; Chile: Santiago, Colombia: Bogota, Costa Rica: San Jose, Cuba: U.S. Interests Section Havana, Dominican Republic: Santo Domingo, Ecuador: Quito, Ecuador: Guayaquil, El Salvador: San Salvador, Guatemala: Guatemala City, Guyana: Georgetown, Haiti: Port-au-Prince, Honduras: Tegucigalpa, VPP San Pedro Sula; Jamaica: Kingston, Mexico: Mexico City, Mexico: Ciudad Juarez, Mexico: Guadalajara, Mexico: Hermosillo, Matamoros, Monterrey, Nogales, Nuevo Laredo, Puerto Vallarta, Tijuana
Netherlands Antilles: Curacao, Nicaragua: Managua, Panama: Panama City, VPP Colon;
Paraguay: Asuncion, Peru: Lima, Suriname: Paramaribo, Trinidad & Tobago: Port of Spain, Uruguay: Montevideo, Venezuela: Caracas, Venezuela: VPP Barquisemeto, U.S. Mission to the U.N.-New York.
East Asia and Pacific: Australia: Canberra, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney, VPP Adelaide,
VPP Brisbane; Brunei: Bandar Seri Begawan, Burma: Rangoon, Cambodia: Phnom Penh,
China: Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang; Fiji: Suva, VPP Tonga, Hong Kong and Macau, Indonesia: Jakarta, Japan: Tokyo, Japan: Fukuoka, Nagoya, Osaka/Kobe, Sapporo, Naha, Okinawa, Seoul; Laos: Vientiane, Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur, Republic of the Marshall Islands: Majuro, Federated States of Micronesia: Kolonia, Mongolia: Ulaanbaatar, New Zealand: Wellington, New Zealand: VPP South Island Papua New Guinea: Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: US Virtual Embassy Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea: VPP Vanuatu, Philippines: Manila, VPP Davao; Singapore, Thailand: Bangkok, Chiang Mai; Vanuatu: US Virtual Embassy, Vietnam: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City.
Europe and Eurasia: Albania: Tirana, Armenia: Yerevan, Austria: Vienna, Azerbaijan: Baku, Belarus: Minsk, Belgium: Brussels, Bosnia & Herzegovina: Sarajevo, Bulgaria: Sofia, Croatia: Zagreb, Cyprus: Nicosia, Czech Republic: Prague, Denmark: Copenhagen, Denmark-Greenland: VPP Nuuk, Estonia: Tallinn, Finland: Helsinki, France: Paris, Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Rennes, Toulouse, Marseille, Strasbourg; Georgia: Tbilisi, Germany: Berlin, Dsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Leipzig, Munich; Greece: Athens, Thessaloniki; Hungary: Budapest; Iceland: Reykjavik; Ireland: Dublin; Italy: Rome; Italy: Florence, Milan, Naples, VPP San Marino, Latvia: Riga, Lithuania: Vilnius; Luxembourg; Macedonia: Skopje, Malta: Valletta, Moldova: Chisinau, Netherlands: The Hague, Amsterdam; Norway: Oslo, VPP Northern Norway; Poland: Warsaw, Krakow; Portugal: Lisbon, Ponta Delgada-Azores; Romania: Bucharest: Russia: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg, VPP Chelyabinsk, VPP Novouralsk, VPP Perm, VPP Snezhinsk, VPP Tyumen; Serbia & Montenegro: Belgrade, Podgorica, Pristina- Kosovo; Slovakia: Bratislava, Slovenia: Ljubljana, Spain: Madrid, Barcelona; Sweden: Stockholm, VPP Gothenborg; Switzerland: Bern; Turkey: Ankara, Adana, Istanbul; Ukraine: Kiev; United Kingdom: London, VPP Cardiff; The Vatican; U.S. Mission to International Organizations in Vienna, U.S. Mission to the EU, U.S. Mission to NATO, U.S. Mission to the OECD, U.S. Mission to the OSCE, U.S. Mission to the UN-Geneva, U.S. Mission to the UN-Rome, U.S. Mission to UNESCO.
Middle East and North Africa: Algeria: Algiers, Bahrain: Manama, Egypt: Cairo, VPP Ismailia; Iraq: Baghdad, Israel: Tel Aviv; Jerusalem; VPP Gaza; Jordan: Amman, Kuwait: Kuwait City, Lebanon: Beirut, Libya: Tripoli, Morocco: Rabat, Morocco: Casablanca, Oman: Muscat, Qatar: Doha, Saudi Arabia: Riyadh, Dhahran, Jeddah; Syria: Damascus, Tunisia: Tunis, United Arab Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai; Yemen: Sana’a.
Central and South Asia: Afghanistan: Kabul, Bangladesh: Dhaka, VPP Chittagong, VPP Jessore, VPP Sylhet; India: New Delhi, Culcutta, Chennai, Mumbai; Kazakhstan: Almaty, Kyrgyz Republic: Bishkek, Nepal: Kathmandu, Pakistan: Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar; Sri Lanka: Colombo, Tajikistan: Dushanbe, Turkmenistan: Ashgabat, Uzbekistan: Tashkent.
The ongoing impact of the credit crisis, slowing global economies, falling house prices, global stock market and exchange rate volatility, together with the US dollar strengthening against most currencies are all factors contributing to a major change in the global cost of living rankings.
The International Cost of Living Comparison comprises indexes for each of 276 global locations. The indexes are calculated using the prices for specific quantities of the same goods and services in each location, based on expatriate spending patterns across 13 broad categories (Basket Groups).
The latest international cost of living ranking, together with the overall cost of living index is as follows:
Rank Location (Overall Cost of Living Index New York=100)
1 Japan, Tokyo (126.03)
2 Norway, Oslo (123.74)
3 Denmark, Copenhagen (121.11)
4 Switzerland, Geneva (119.59)
5 Brazil, Brasilia (118.53)
6 United Kingdom, London (118.23)
7 Greenland, Nuuk (117.14)
8 Switzerland, Zurich (116.18)
9 Hungary, Budapest (114.36)
10 Russia, Moscow (113.41)
11 Nigeria, Lagos (112.69)
12 Ireland, Dublin (112.65)
13 New Caledonia, Noumea (112.43)
14 France, Paris (112.38)
15 Chad, N’Djamena (111.3)
16 Italy, Milan (111.19)
17 Cameroon, Douala (111.06)
18 Liechtenstein, Vaduz (110.89)
19 San Marino, San Marino (110.78)
20 Monaco, Monaco (109.83)
21 Czech Republic, Prague (109.81)
22 Austria, Vienna (109.68)
23 Slovakia, Bratislava (109.31)
24 Isle of Man, Douglas (108.97)
25 Poland, Warsaw (107.63)
26 Bermuda, Hamilton (107.53)
27 Italy, Rome (107.29)
28 Finland, Helsinki (107.07)
29 Australia, Sydney (106.52)
30 USA, San Francisco Calif (104.53)
31 Cote D’Ivoire, Abidjan (104.4)
32 Venezuela, Caracas (104.02)
33 China, Hong Kong (103.43)
34 United Arab Emirates, Dubai (103.36)
35 Croatia, Zagreb (103.29)
36 Angola, Luanda (103.27)
37 Belgium, Brussels (103.19)
38 Netherlands, Amsterdam (102.33)
39 Jersey, Saint Helier (102.24)
40 Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby (102.22)
41 Korea Republic of, Seoul (101.94)
42 Iceland, Reykjavík (101.66)
43 Ukraine, Kiev (101.2)
44 Guernsey, St Peter Port (100.68)
45 Qatar, Doha (100.64)
46 Central African Republic, Bangui (100.58)
47 Spain, Madrid (100.26)
48 USA, San Jose Calif (100.13)
49 Falkland Islands, Stanley (100)
50 USA, New York NY (100)
51 Sweden, Stockholm (99.76)
52 USA, Boston Mass (99.63)
53 Cameroon, Yaounde (98.84)
54 Mali, Bamako (98.74)
55 Benin, Cotonou (98.6)
56 Germany, Berlin (98.18)
57 Micronesia, Palikir (97.98)
58 Gabon, Libreville (97.77)
59 Canada, Toronto (97.39)
60 Germany, Bonn (96.38)
61 Vatican City, Vatican City (96.23)
62 Australia, Melbourne (95.88)
63 Australia, Canberra (95.88)
64 Estonia, Tallinn (95.08)
65 Turkey, Ankara (94.87)
66 Singapore, Singapore (94.6)
67 Guinea-Bissau, Bissau (94.24)
68 USA, Los Angeles Calif (93.93)
69 Palau, Melekeok (93.85)
70 Luxembourg, Luxembourg (93.77)
71 Canada, Vancouver (93.48)
72 Portugal, Lisbon (92.84)
73 Australia, Perth (92.82)
74 Germany, Frankfurt (92.81)
75 Azerbaijan, Baku (92.76)
76 Gibraltar, Gibraltar (92.33)
77 Comores, Moroni (92.04)
78 USA, Washington DC (91.8)
79 USA, Philadelphia Pa (91.49)
80 Nauru, Yaren (91.16)
81 Kazakhstan, Almaty (90.99)
82 Bahrain, Manama (90.82)
83 USA, San Diego Calif (90.7)
84 Bahamas, Nassau (90.63)
85 Togo, Lome (90.11)
86 Taiwan, Taipei (90.07)
87 Haiti, Port-au-Prince (90)
88 Senegal, Dakar (89.57)
89 Saint Helena, Jamestown (89.26)
90 USA, Baltimore Md (89.25)
91 United Kingdom, Glasgow (88.88)
92 Djibouti, Djibouti (88.45)
93 Niger, Niamey (88.38)
94 Zambia, Lusaka (88.36)
95 USA, Seattle Wash (88.3)
96 Andorra, Andorra la Vella (88.13)
97 Vietnam, Hanoi (88.03)
98 Tonga, Nuku’Alofa (87.34)
99 Gambia, Banjul (87.23)
100 United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi (87.16)
101 Cayman Islands, George Town (86.81)
102 Sudan, Khartoum (86.64)
103 Greece, Athens (86.59)
104 Barbados, Bridgetown (86.5)
105 USA, Portland Ore (86.1)
106 Sierra Leone, Freetown (85.92)
107 Equatorial Guinea, Malabo (85.89)
108 USA, Chicago Ill (85.73)
109 Romania, Bucharest (85.55)
110 USA, Miami Fla (85.54)
111 Marshall Islands, Majuro (85.41)
112 Cyprus, Nicosia (85.26)
113 Malta, Velletta (84.99)
114 Moldova, Chisinau (84.89)
115 Ghana, Accra (84.89)
116 United Kingdom, Birmingham (84.76)
117 Canada, Montreal (84.37)
118 Algeria, Algiers (84.01)
119 Israel, Jerusalem (83.82)
120 Australia, Brisbane (83.29)
121 Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou (82.92)
122 Lebanon, Beirut (82.74)
123 Jordan, Amman (82.41)
124 Guinea, Conakry (82.16)
125 Jamaica, Kingston (82.11)
126 Philippines, Manila (82.07)
127 Georgia Republic of, Tbilisi (82.03)
128 Congo Democratic Rep, Kinshasa (81.84)
129 Seychelles, Victoria (81.78)
130 Indonesia, Jakarta (81.76)
131 USA, Las Vegas Nev (81.75)
132 Lithuania, Vilnius (81.67)
133 Vanuatu, Port Vila (81.35)
134 Grenada, Saint George’s (81.23)
135 Trinidad and Tobago, Port-of-Spain (81.13)
136 Mozambique, Maputo (80.82)
137 New Zealand, Auckland (80.71)
138 Samoa, Apia (80.64)
139 Congo, Brazzaville (80.14)
140 Armenia, Yerevan (80.13)
141 Albania, Tirana (80.1)
142 Martinique, Fort-de-France (80.09)
143 Latvia, Riga (79.92)
144 Thailand, Bangkok (79.86)
145 Sao Tome and Principe, Sao Tome (79.79)
146 USA, Denver Colo (79.74)
147 China, Beijing (79.73)
148 Fiji, Suva (78.99)
149 Slovenia, Ljubljana (78.85)
150 Canada, Ottawa (78.82)
151 Tuvalu, Funafuti (78.78)
152 Myanmar, Yangon (78.51)
153 Puerto Rico, San Juan (78.49)
154 Kenya, Nairobi (78.4)
155 USA, Phoenix Ariz (78.26)
156 Mauritius, Port Louis (78.25)
157 Madagascar, Antananarivo (78.24)
158 USA, Tampa Fla (78.22)
159 Serbia, Belgrade (78.13)
160 Kiribati, South Tarawa (78.06)
161 Guam, Hagatna (77.8)
162 Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan (77.72)
163 Uruguay, Montevideo (77.41)
164 Colombia, Bogota (77.23)
165 USA, Atlanta GA (76.99)
166 Morocco, Rabat (76.93)
167 USA, Milwaukee Wis (76.77)
168 Paraguay, Asuncion (76.49)
169 Mexico, Mexico City (76.13)
170 USA, Columbus Ohio (76.06)
171 India, Mumbai (76.04)
172 Tanzania, Dar es Salaam (76)
173 Solomon Islands, Honiara (75.93)
174 USA, Cleveland Ohio (75.84)
175 USA, Detroit Mich (75.74)
176 Liberia, Monrovia (75.63)
177 USA, Austin Tex (75.57)
178 USA, Dallas Tex (75.47)
179 USA, Jacksonville Fla (75.47)
180 Australia, Adelaide (75.39)
181 Kuwait, Kuwait City (75.22)
182 Bulgaria, Sofia (75.14)
183 Saudi Arabia, Riyadh (75.08)
184 USA, Pittsburgh Penn (74.54)
185 Timor-Leste, Dili (74.29)
186 Iran, Tehran (74.24)
187 USA, Indianapolis Ind (74.13)
188 USA, Fort Worth Tex (73.64)
189 Somalia, Mogadishu (73.49)
190 Maldives, Male (73.48)
191 USA, Charlotte NC (73.47)
192 USA, Houston Tex (73.36)
193 Chile, Santiago (73.01)
194 Mauritania, Nouakchott (72.99)
195 Botswana, Gaberone (72.86)
196 Cape Verde, Praia (72.81)
197 USA, El Paso Tex (72.61)
198 Uganda, Kampala (72.25)
199 Afghanistan, Kabul (72.13)
200 Antigua and Barbuda, Saint John’s (72.04)
201 USA, St Louis MO (71.93)
202 Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur (71.82)
203 Peru, Lima (71.7)
204 Korea Democratic Republic of, Pyongyang (71.62)
205 Kosovo, Pristina (71.55)
206 India, New Delhi (71.4)
207 Belarus, Minsk (71.28)
208 Malawi, Lilongwe (71.24)
209 Saint Kitts and Nevis, Basseterre (71.07)
210 USA, Memphis Tenn (71.02)
211 India, Chennai (70.76)
212 Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek (70.29)
213 Burundi, Bujumbura (70.07)
214 Macedonia, Skopje (70.02)
215 USA, San Antonio Tex (70.02)
216 Guatemala, Guatemala City (69.74)
217 Honduras, Tegucigalpa (69.57)
218 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Kingstown (69.5)
219 Canada, Calgary (69.46)
220 India, Calcutta (69.31)
221 India, Hyderabad (68.85)
222 Dominica, Roseau (68.79)
223 Rwanda, Kigali (68.75)
224 Panama, Panama City (68.58)
225 Guyana, Georgetown (68.58)
226 China, Shanghai (68.48)
227 Syria, Damascus (67.99)
228 Montenegro, Podgorica (67.75)
229 Laos, Vientiane (67.43)
230 Ethiopia, Addis Ababa (66.87)
231 Cuba, Havana (66.61)
232 Belize, Belmopan (66.33)
233 Nicaragua, Managua (65.89)
234 Nepal, Kathmandu (65.67)
235 Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo (64.93)
236 Tunisia, Tunis (64.87)
237 Suriname, Paramaribo (64.75)
238 India, Bangalore (64.56)
239 South Africa, Johannesburg (64.51)
240 Costa Rica, San Jose (64.47)
241 Egypt, Cairo (64.18)
242 El Salvador, San Salvador (63.34)
243 Swaziland, Mbabane (63.11)
244 Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar (62.85)
245 South Africa, Pretoria (62.71)
246 Oman, Muscat (61.61)
247 Saint Lucia, Castries (61.2)
248 Pakistan, Lahore (59.48)
249 Tajikistan, Dushanbe (59.25)
250 South Africa, Cape Town (58.99)
251 Namibia, Windhoek (58.89)
252 Sri Lanka, Colombo (58.51)
253 Pakistan, Islamabad (58.33)
254 Iraq, Baghdad (58.25)
255 Pakistan, Karachi (57.72)
256 Lesotho, Maseru (57.49)
257 Argentina, Buenos Aires (57.46)
258 Bangladesh, Dhaka (57.03)
259 Bhutan, Thimphu (56.78)
260 Bolivia, La Paz (56.66)
261 China, Macao (56.41)
262 South Africa, Durban (56.07)
263 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo (54.35)
264 Ecuador, Quito (53.83)
265 Uzbekistan, Tashkent (53.03)
266 Libya, Tripoli (52.74)
267 China, Shenzhen (51.65)
268 Eritrea, Asmara (50.72)
269 China, Dalian (50.54)
270 China, Wuhan (49.93)
271 China, Guangzhou (47.28)
272 Cambodia, Phnom Penh (45.65)
273 Yemen, Sanaa (45.6)
274 Turkmenistan, Ashgabat (38.77)
275 China, Tianjin (29.5)
276 Zimbabwe, Harare (17.12)
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